feat: add version flag to CLI, enhance error handling for stdin and argument parsing

.editorconfig

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+root = true
+
+[*]
+charset = utf-8
+end_of_line = lf
+insert_final_newline = true
+trim_trailing_whitespace = true
+indent_style = space
+indent_size = 2
+
+[*.md]
+trim_trailing_whitespace = false

README.md

@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ rand -f2              # 保留 2 位小数
 | `-f[N]` | 小数位数：`-f` 默认 2 位，`-f1` = 1 位，`-f3` = 3 位 |
 | `--float [N]` | `-f` 的长形式 |
 | `-d, --dist <name>` | 概率分布，默认 `uniform` |
+| `-V, --version` | 版本信息 |
 | `-h, --help` | 帮助信息 |
 | `--` | 之后所有参数视为位置参数（用于负数） |
 
@@ -45,14 +46,13 @@ rand -f2              # 保留 2 位小数
 | poisson | `rand -d poisson` | `[λ]` | 1 |
 | exponential | `rand -d exponential` | `[λ]` | 1 |
 | hypergeometric | `rand -d hypergeometric` | `[N] [K] [n]` | 100, 50, 10 |
-
 ### 采样算法
 
 | 分布 | 算法 |
 |------|------|
-| normal | Box-Muller 变换 |
-| binomial | Bernoulli 试验求和 |
-| poisson | Knuth 算法 |
+| normal | Box-Muller 变换（双值缓存） |
+| binomial | Bernoulli 试验求和；n > 10,000 时切换为正态近似 |
+| poisson | Knuth 算法；λ > 100 时切换为正态近似（防止 exp 下溢） |
 | exponential | 逆 CDF 变换 |
 | hypergeometric | 不放回抽样模拟 |
 
@@ -87,8 +87,7 @@ rand -d hypergeometric 100 30 5
 
 # 负数范围（用 -- 分隔标志和参数）
 rand -- -10 -5
-rand -d normal -- 0 -1   # stddev 必须 > 0，会报错
-```
+rand -d normal 0 -1   # stddev 必须 > 0，会报错
 
 ## 项目结构
 
@@ -101,6 +100,7 @@ src/
   stdin.ts            # 管道输入读取
   dist.ts             # 分布采样器与调度
   main.ts             # 编排逻辑
+  __tests__/          # 单元测试 (bun test)
 ```
 
 ## 构建

package.json

@@ -1,19 +1,16 @@
 {
   "name": "rand",
   "version": "1.0.0",
-  "module": "index.ts",
-  "type": "module",
   "bin": {
     "rand": "./index.ts"
   },
   "scripts": {
-    "build": "bun build ./index.ts --compile --outfile dist/rand"
+    "build": "bun build ./index.ts --compile --outfile dist/rand",
+    "test": "bun test"
   },
   "private": true,
   "devDependencies": {
-    "@types/bun": "latest"
-  },
-  "peerDependencies": {
+    "@types/bun": "^1",
     "typescript": "^5"
   }
 }

src/__tests__/args.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+import { describe, test, expect } from "bun:test";
+import { parseArgs, applyPositionals } from "../args";
+import { defaultOptions, type Options } from "../types";
+
+describe("parseArgs", () => {
+  test("no args → defaults", () => {
+    const { options, help, version } = parseArgs([]);
+    expect(help).toBe(false);
+    expect(version).toBe(false);
+    expect(options.dist).toBe("uniform");
+    expect(options.count).toBe(1);
+    expect(options.decimals).toBe(0);
+    expect(options.min).toBe(0);
+    expect(options.max).toBe(100);
+  });
+
+  test("-h / --help", () => {
+    expect(parseArgs(["-h"]).help).toBe(true);
+    expect(parseArgs(["--help"]).help).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  test("-V / --version", () => {
+    expect(parseArgs(["-V"]).version).toBe(true);
+    expect(parseArgs(["--version"]).version).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  test("-c / --count", () => {
+    expect(parseArgs(["-c", "5"]).options.count).toBe(5);
+    expect(parseArgs(["--count", "10"]).options.count).toBe(10);
+  });
+
+  test("-c with invalid value throws", () => {
+    expect(() => parseArgs(["-c", "0"])).toThrow();
+    expect(() => parseArgs(["-c", "-1"])).toThrow();
+    expect(() => parseArgs(["-c", "1000001"])).toThrow();
+  });
+
+  test("-c with non-finite value throws", () => {
+    expect(() => parseArgs(["-c", "Infinity"])).toThrow("invalid count: Infinity");
+  });
+
+  test("-f with out-of-range fails validation", () => {
+    expect(() => parseArgs(["-f", "101"])).toThrow("decimals must be 0–100");
+  });
+
+  test("-f with no arg defaults to 2", () => {
+    expect(parseArgs(["-f"]).options.decimals).toBe(2);
+  });
+
+  test("-f with space-separated arg", () => {
+    expect(parseArgs(["-f", "3"]).options.decimals).toBe(3);
+    expect(parseArgs(["-f", "0"]).options.decimals).toBe(0);
+  });
+
+  test("-fN combined form", () => {
+    expect(parseArgs(["-f1"]).options.decimals).toBe(1);
+    expect(parseArgs(["-f5"]).options.decimals).toBe(5);
+    expect(parseArgs(["-f0"]).options.decimals).toBe(0);
+  });
+
+  test("--float with no arg defaults to 2", () => {
+    expect(parseArgs(["--float"]).options.decimals).toBe(2);
+  });
+
+  test("--float with arg", () => {
+    expect(parseArgs(["--float", "4"]).options.decimals).toBe(4);
+  });
+
+  test("-d / --dist", () => {
+    expect(parseArgs(["-d", "normal"]).options.dist).toBe("normal");
+    expect(parseArgs(["--dist", "poisson"]).options.dist).toBe("poisson");
+  });
+
+  test("-d with invalid dist throws", () => {
+    expect(() => parseArgs(["-d", "invalid"])).toThrow();
+  });
+
+  test("positional args for uniform", () => {
+    const { options } = parseArgs(["10"]);
+    expect(options.max).toBe(10);
+    expect(options.min).toBe(0);
+  });
+
+  test("positional args for uniform with two values", () => {
+    const { options } = parseArgs(["10", "20"]);
+    expect(options.min).toBe(10);
+    expect(options.max).toBe(20);
+  });
+
+  test("positional args for normal", () => {
+    const { options } = parseArgs(["-d", "normal", "100", "15"]);
+    expect(options.mean).toBe(100);
+    expect(options.stddev).toBe(15);
+  });
+
+  test("-- separator passes everything as positional", () => {
+    const { options } = parseArgs(["--", "-10", "-5"]);
+    expect(options.min).toBe(-10);
+    expect(options.max).toBe(-5);
+  });
+
+  test("-- separator stops flag parsing", () => {
+    // numbers after -- become positional
+    const { options } = parseArgs(["--", "5"]);
+    expect(options.max).toBe(5);
+    // non-numeric after -- still throws
+    expect(() => parseArgs(["--", "-h"])).toThrow("not a number");
+  });
+
+  test("unknown flag throws", () => {
+    expect(() => parseArgs(["--unknown"])).toThrow("unknown option");
+  });
+});
+
+describe("applyPositionals", () => {
+  function makeOpts(dist: string, overrides?: Partial<Options>): Options {
+    return { ...defaultOptions(dist as Options["dist"]), dist: dist as Options["dist"], ...overrides };
+  }
+
+  test("uniform: 0 args leaves defaults", () => {
+    const o = makeOpts("uniform");
+    applyPositionals(o, []);
+    expect(o.min).toBe(0);
+    expect(o.max).toBe(100);
+  });
+
+  test("uniform: 1 arg sets max", () => {
+    const o = makeOpts("uniform");
+    applyPositionals(o, ["50"]);
+    expect(o.max).toBe(50);
+  });
+
+  test("uniform: 2 args sets min and max", () => {
+    const o = makeOpts("uniform");
+    applyPositionals(o, ["10", "20"]);
+    expect(o.min).toBe(10);
+    expect(o.max).toBe(20);
+  });
+
+  test("uniform: min > max throws", () => {
+    const o = makeOpts("uniform");
+    expect(() => applyPositionals(o, ["10", "5"])).toThrow("min");
+  });
+
+  test("uniform: too many args throws", () => {
+    const o = makeOpts("uniform");
+    expect(() => applyPositionals(o, ["1", "2", "3"])).toThrow("uniform expects");
+  });
+
+  test("normal: stddev <= 0 throws", () => {
+    const o = makeOpts("normal");
+    expect(() => applyPositionals(o, ["0", "-1"])).toThrow("stddev");
+  });
+
+  test("binomial: prob out of range throws", () => {
+    const o = makeOpts("binomial");
+    expect(() => applyPositionals(o, ["10", "1.5"])).toThrow("prob");
+  });
+
+  test("poisson: lambda <= 0 throws", () => {
+    const o = makeOpts("poisson");
+    expect(() => applyPositionals(o, ["0"])).toThrow("lambda");
+  });
+
+  test("poisson: too many args throws", () => {
+    const o = makeOpts("poisson");
+    expect(() => applyPositionals(o, ["1", "2"])).toThrow("poisson expects");
+  });
+
+  test("exponential: lambda <= 0 throws", () => {
+    const o = makeOpts("exponential");
+    expect(() => applyPositionals(o, ["0"])).toThrow("lambda");
+  });
+
+  test("hypergeometric: K > N throws", () => {
+    const o = makeOpts("hypergeometric");
+    expect(() => applyPositionals(o, ["100", "150", "10"])).toThrow("K");
+  });
+});

src/__tests__/dist.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+import { describe, test, expect } from "bun:test";
+import { generate } from "../dist";
+import { type Options, type Dist, defaultOptions } from "../types";
+
+function opts(overrides: Partial<Options> & { dist: Dist }): Options {
+  return { ...defaultOptions(overrides.dist), ...overrides };
+}
+
+describe("generate", () => {
+  test("uniform produces values in [min, max] for decimals=0 (inclusive)", () => {
+    const n = 2000;
+    const o = opts({ dist: "uniform", min: 10, max: 20, count: n, decimals: 0 });
+    const values = [...generate(o)];
+    expect(values.length).toBe(n);
+    for (const v of values) {
+      expect(v).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(10);
+      expect(v).toBeLessThanOrEqual(20);
+      expect(Number.isInteger(v)).toBe(true);
+    }
+    // All values in [10,20] must appear at least once with high probability
+    const seen = new Set(values);
+    for (let i = 10; i <= 20; i++) expect(seen.has(i)).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  test("uniform produces values in [min, max) for decimals>0", () => {
+    const o = opts({ dist: "uniform", min: 0, max: 1, count: 500, decimals: 4 });
+    const values = [...generate(o)];
+    for (const v of values) {
+      expect(v).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(0);
+      expect(v).toBeLessThan(1);
+    }
+  });
+
+  test("uniform negative range produces inclusive values", () => {
+    const o = opts({ dist: "uniform", min: -10, max: -5, count: 100, decimals: 0 });
+    const values = [...generate(o)];
+    for (const v of values) {
+      expect(v).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(-10);
+      expect(v).toBeLessThanOrEqual(-5);
+      expect(Number.isInteger(v)).toBe(true);
+    }
+  });
+
+  test("uniform single-value range", () => {
+    const o = opts({ dist: "uniform", min: 7, max: 7, count: 50, decimals: 0 });
+    const values = [...generate(o)];
+    for (const v of values) expect(v).toBe(7);
+  });
+
+  test("normal produces values around mean", () => {
+    const o = opts({ dist: "normal", mean: 100, stddev: 15, count: 2000 });
+    const values = [...generate(o)];
+    const avg = values.reduce((a, b) => a + b, 0) / values.length;
+    // Mean should be within ~3 std errors of 100
+    expect(avg).toBeGreaterThan(98);
+    expect(avg).toBeLessThan(102);
+  });
+
+  test("normal with decimals=0 produces integers via Math.round", () => {
+    const o = opts({ dist: "normal", mean: 0, stddev: 1, count: 500, decimals: 0 });
+    const values = [...generate(o)];
+    for (const v of values) {
+      expect(Number.isInteger(v)).toBe(true);
+    }
+  });
+
+  test("binomial produces values in [0, n]", () => {
+    const o = opts({ dist: "binomial", trials: 10, prob: 0.5, count: 500 });
+    const values = [...generate(o)];
+    for (const v of values) {
+      expect(v).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(0);
+      expect(v).toBeLessThanOrEqual(10);
+      expect(Number.isInteger(v)).toBe(true);
+    }
+  });
+
+  test("binomial p=0 always returns 0", () => {
+    const o = opts({ dist: "binomial", trials: 10, prob: 0, count: 50 });
+    for (const v of generate(o)) expect(v).toBe(0);
+  });
+
+  test("binomial p=1 always returns n", () => {
+    const o = opts({ dist: "binomial", trials: 10, prob: 1, count: 50 });
+    for (const v of generate(o)) expect(v).toBe(10);
+  });
+
+  test("binomial trials=0 always returns 0", () => {
+    const o = opts({ dist: "binomial", trials: 0, prob: 0.5, count: 50 });
+    for (const v of generate(o)) expect(v).toBe(0);
+  });
+
+  test("binomial large n uses Normal approximation", () => {
+    const o = opts({ dist: "binomial", trials: 20000, prob: 0.5, count: 200 });
+    const values = [...generate(o)];
+    const avg = values.reduce((a, b) => a + b, 0) / values.length;
+    expect(avg).toBeGreaterThan(9500);
+    expect(avg).toBeLessThan(10500);
+    for (const v of values) {
+      expect(v).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(0);
+      expect(v).toBeLessThanOrEqual(20000);
+    }
+  });
+
+  test("poisson produces non-negative integers", () => {
+    const o = opts({ dist: "poisson", lambda: 5, count: 500 });
+    const values = [...generate(o)];
+    for (const v of values) {
+      expect(v).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(0);
+      expect(Number.isInteger(v)).toBe(true);
+    }
+  });
+
+  test("poisson large lambda uses Normal approximation", () => {
+    const o = opts({ dist: "poisson", lambda: 20000, count: 200 });
+    const values = [...generate(o)];
+    const avg = values.reduce((a, b) => a + b, 0) / values.length;
+    expect(avg).toBeGreaterThan(19000);
+    expect(avg).toBeLessThan(21000);
+    for (const v of values) {
+      expect(v).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(0);
+      expect(Number.isInteger(v)).toBe(true);
+    }
+  });
+
+  test("exponential produces non-negative values", () => {
+    // decimals=0: Math.round can make very small values become 0
+    const o = opts({ dist: "exponential", lambda: 1, count: 500 });
+    for (const v of generate(o)) {
+      expect(v).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(0);
+    }
+  });
+
+  test("exponential mean approximates 1/lambda", () => {
+    const lambda = 2;
+    const o = opts({ dist: "exponential", lambda, count: 2000 });
+    const values = [...generate(o)];
+    const avg = values.reduce((a, b) => a + b, 0) / values.length;
+    expect(avg).toBeGreaterThan(0.35);
+    expect(avg).toBeLessThan(0.65);
+  });
+
+  test("hypergeometric produces values in [0, min(K, n)]", () => {
+    const o = opts({ dist: "hypergeometric", popSize: 100, successes: 30, draws: 10, count: 500 });
+    const values = [...generate(o)];
+    for (const v of values) {
+      expect(v).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(0);
+      expect(v).toBeLessThanOrEqual(10);
+      expect(Number.isInteger(v)).toBe(true);
+    }
+  });
+
+  test("hypergeometric K=0 always returns 0", () => {
+    const o = opts({ dist: "hypergeometric", popSize: 100, successes: 0, draws: 10, count: 50 });
+    for (const v of generate(o)) expect(v).toBe(0);
+  });
+
+  test("hypergeometric draws=0 always returns 0", () => {
+    const o = opts({ dist: "hypergeometric", popSize: 100, successes: 50, draws: 0, count: 50 });
+    for (const v of generate(o)) expect(v).toBe(0);
+  });
+
+  test("generator yields exactly count values", () => {
+    for (const count of [1, 5, 100]) {
+      const o = opts({ dist: "uniform", count });
+      expect([...generate(o)].length).toBe(count);
+    }
+  });
+
+  // validateOptions defense-in-depth tests
+  test("throws on count < 1", () => {
+    const o = opts({ dist: "uniform", count: 0 });
+    expect(() => [...generate(o)]).toThrow("invalid count");
+  });
+
+  test("throws on negative decimals", () => {
+    const o = opts({ dist: "uniform", decimals: -1 });
+    expect(() => [...generate(o)]).toThrow("decimals must be 0–100");
+  });
+
+  test("throws on decimals > 100", () => {
+    const o = opts({ dist: "uniform", decimals: 101 });
+    expect(() => [...generate(o)]).toThrow("decimals must be 0–100");
+  });
+
+  test("throws on min > max", () => {
+    const o = opts({ dist: "uniform", min: 10, max: 5 });
+    expect(() => [...generate(o)]).toThrow("min");
+  });
+
+  test("throws on stddev <= 0", () => {
+    const o = opts({ dist: "normal", stddev: 0 });
+    expect(() => [...generate(o)]).toThrow("stddev");
+  });
+
+  test("throws on prob out of range", () => {
+    const o = opts({ dist: "binomial", prob: 1.5 });
+    expect(() => [...generate(o)]).toThrow("prob");
+  });
+
+  test("throws on lambda <= 0 for poisson", () => {
+    const o = opts({ dist: "poisson", lambda: 0 });
+    expect(() => [...generate(o)]).toThrow("lambda");
+  });
+
+  test("throws on lambda <= 0 for exponential", () => {
+    const o = opts({ dist: "exponential", lambda: -1 });
+    expect(() => [...generate(o)]).toThrow("lambda");
+  });
+
+  test("throws on hypergeometric K > N", () => {
+    const o = opts({ dist: "hypergeometric", popSize: 100, successes: 150, draws: 10 });
+    expect(() => [...generate(o)]).toThrow("K");
+  });
+});

src/__tests__/stdin.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+import { describe, test, expect } from "bun:test";
+import { parseStdinNumbers } from "../stdin";
+
+describe("parseStdinNumbers", () => {
+  test("empty string returns []", () => {
+    expect(parseStdinNumbers("")).toEqual([]);
+  });
+
+  test("whitespace-only returns []", () => {
+    expect(parseStdinNumbers("   \n\t  ")).toEqual([]);
+  });
+
+  test("single number", () => {
+    expect(parseStdinNumbers("42")).toEqual([42]);
+  });
+
+  test("multiple numbers", () => {
+    expect(parseStdinNumbers("5 2")).toEqual([5, 2]);
+  });
+
+  test("numbers separated by newlines", () => {
+    expect(parseStdinNumbers("5\n2\n3")).toEqual([5, 2, 3]);
+  });
+
+  test("numbers separated by tabs and multiple spaces", () => {
+    expect(parseStdinNumbers("5\t2   3")).toEqual([5, 2, 3]);
+  });
+
+  test("leading and trailing whitespace is trimmed", () => {
+    expect(parseStdinNumbers("  10 20  \n")).toEqual([10, 20]);
+  });
+
+  test("negative numbers", () => {
+    expect(parseStdinNumbers("-1 -0.5")).toEqual([-1, -0.5]);
+  });
+
+  test("float numbers", () => {
+    expect(parseStdinNumbers("3.14 2.718")).toEqual([3.14, 2.718]);
+  });
+
+  test("non-numeric input returns []", () => {
+    expect(parseStdinNumbers("abc")).toEqual([]);
+  });
+
+  test("mixed numeric and non-numeric returns []", () => {
+    expect(parseStdinNumbers("5 abc 10")).toEqual([]);
+  });
+
+  test("empty string after trim returns []", () => {
+    expect(parseStdinNumbers("  ")).toEqual([]);
+  });
+});

src/args.ts

@@ -1,17 +1,17 @@
 import { type Options, type Dist, DISTS, defaultOptions } from "./types";
-import { showHelp } from "./help";
+import { validateOptions } from "./dist";
 
 export function showError(msg: string): never {
-  console.error(`rand: ${msg}\nTry 'rand --help' for usage.`);
-  process.exit(1);
+  throw new Error(`${msg}\nTry 'rand --help' for usage.`);
 }
 
-export function parseArgs(raw: string[]): { options: Options; help: boolean } {
+export function parseArgs(raw: string[]): { options: Options; help: boolean; version: boolean } {
   const positional: string[] = [];
   let count = 1;
   let decimals = 0;
   let dist: Dist = "uniform";
   let help = false;
+  let version = false;
 
   let i = 0;
   while (i < raw.length) {
@@ -23,10 +23,21 @@ export function parseArgs(raw: string[]): { options: Options; help: boolean } {
       continue;
     }
 
+    if (arg === "-V" || arg === "--version") {
+      version = true;
+      i++;
+      continue;
+    }
+
     // -f (plain) → default 2 decimal places
     if (arg === "-f") {
-      decimals = 2;
       i++;
+      if (i < raw.length && /^\d+$/.test(raw[i]!)) {
+        decimals = parseInt(raw[i]!, 10);
+        i++;
+      } else {
+        decimals = 2;
+      }
       continue;
     }
 
@@ -54,21 +65,21 @@ export function parseArgs(raw: string[]): { options: Options; help: boolean } {
       i++;
       if (i >= raw.length) showError("--dist requires a distribution name");
       const name = raw[i]!;
-      if (!(DISTS as string[]).includes(name)) {
+      if (!DISTS.includes(name as Dist)) {
         showError(`unknown distribution: ${name}\n  valid: ${DISTS.join(", ")}`);
       }
       dist = name as Dist;
       i++;
       continue;
     }
-
     // -c, --count <n>
     if (arg === "-c" || arg === "--count") {
       i++;
       if (i >= raw.length) showError("--count requires a value");
-      const n = parseInt(raw[i]!, 10);
-      if (isNaN(n) || n < 1) showError(`invalid count: ${raw[i]}`);
-      count = n;
+      const c = parseInt(raw[i]!, 10);
+      if (isNaN(c) || c < 1) showError(`invalid count: ${raw[i]}`);
+      if (c > 1_000_000) showError(`count must be <= 1,000,000, got ${c}`);
+      count = c;
       i++;
       continue;
     }
@@ -103,8 +114,7 @@ export function parseArgs(raw: string[]): { options: Options; help: boolean } {
   opts.count = count;
   opts.decimals = decimals;
   applyPositionals(opts, positional);
-
-  return { options: opts, help };
+  return { options: opts, help, version };
 }
 
 export function applyPositionals(opts: Options, args: string[]): void {
@@ -112,91 +122,74 @@ export function applyPositionals(opts: Options, args: string[]): void {
 
   switch (opts.dist) {
     case "uniform": {
-      if (nums.length === 0) return;
       if (nums.length === 1) {
         opts.max = nums[0]!;
       } else if (nums.length === 2) {
         opts.min = nums[0]!;
         opts.max = nums[1]!;
-      } else {
+      } else if (nums.length > 2) {
         showError(`uniform expects 0–2 args, got ${nums.length}: ${args.join(" ")}`);
       }
-      if (opts.min > opts.max) showError(`min (${opts.min}) > max (${opts.max})`);
       break;
     }
     case "normal": {
-      if (nums.length === 0) return;
       if (nums.length === 1) {
         opts.mean = nums[0]!;
       } else if (nums.length === 2) {
         opts.mean = nums[0]!;
         opts.stddev = nums[1]!;
-      } else {
+      } else if (nums.length > 2) {
         showError(`normal expects 0–2 args, got ${nums.length}: ${args.join(" ")}`);
       }
-      if (opts.stddev <= 0) showError(`stddev must be > 0, got ${opts.stddev}`);
       break;
     }
     case "binomial": {
-      if (nums.length === 0) return;
       if (nums.length === 1) {
         opts.trials = nums[0]!;
       } else if (nums.length === 2) {
         opts.trials = nums[0]!;
         opts.prob = nums[1]!;
-      } else {
+      } else if (nums.length > 2) {
         showError(`binomial expects 0–2 args, got ${nums.length}: ${args.join(" ")}`);
       }
-      if (opts.trials < 0 || !Number.isInteger(opts.trials)) {
-        showError(`trials must be a non-negative integer, got ${opts.trials}`);
-      }
-      if (opts.prob < 0 || opts.prob > 1) showError(`prob must be 0–1, got ${opts.prob}`);
       break;
     }
     case "poisson": {
-      if (nums.length === 0) return;
       if (nums.length === 1) {
         opts.lambda = nums[0]!;
-      } else {
+      } else if (nums.length > 1) {
         showError(`poisson expects 0–1 arg, got ${nums.length}: ${args.join(" ")}`);
       }
-      if (opts.lambda <= 0) showError(`lambda must be > 0, got ${opts.lambda}`);
       break;
     }
     case "exponential": {
-      if (nums.length === 0) return;
       if (nums.length === 1) {
         opts.lambda = nums[0]!;
-      } else {
+      } else if (nums.length > 1) {
         showError(`exponential expects 0–1 arg, got ${nums.length}: ${args.join(" ")}`);
       }
-      if (opts.lambda <= 0) showError(`lambda must be > 0, got ${opts.lambda}`);
       break;
     }
     case "hypergeometric": {
-      if (nums.length === 0) return;
       if (nums.length >= 1) opts.popSize = nums[0]!;
       if (nums.length >= 2) opts.successes = nums[1]!;
       if (nums.length >= 3) opts.draws = nums[2]!;
       if (nums.length > 3) {
         showError(`hypergeometric expects 0–3 args, got ${nums.length}: ${args.join(" ")}`);
       }
-      if (opts.popSize < 0 || !Number.isInteger(opts.popSize)) {
-        showError(`population size N must be a non-negative integer, got ${opts.popSize}`);
-      }
-      if (opts.successes < 0 || opts.successes > opts.popSize || !Number.isInteger(opts.successes)) {
-        showError(`successes K must be 0–N, got ${opts.successes} (N=${opts.popSize})`);
-      }
-      if (opts.draws < 0 || opts.draws > opts.popSize || !Number.isInteger(opts.draws)) {
-        showError(`draws n must be 0–N, got ${opts.draws} (N=${opts.popSize})`);
-      }
       break;
     }
   }
+
+  try {
+    validateOptions(opts);
+  } catch (e) {
+    showError((e as Error).message);
+  }
 }
 
 function parseNum(s: string): number {
   const n = Number(s);
-  if (isNaN(n)) showError(`not a number: ${s}`);
+  if (isNaN(n) || !isFinite(n)) showError(`not a number: ${s}`);
   return n;
 }

src/dist.ts

@@ -4,16 +4,34 @@ import { type Options } from "./types";
 // Individual distribution samplers
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-/** Box-Muller transform. Each call consumes 2 uniform randoms. */
+// Cached second normal deviate from Box-Muller transform.
+let spareNormal: number | null = null;
+
+/** Box-Muller with pair caching: uses half the RNG calls of naive Box-Muller. */
 function normalRandom(mean: number, stddev: number): number {
+  if (spareNormal !== null) {
+    const v = spareNormal;
+    spareNormal = null;
+    return mean + stddev * v;
+  }
   let u1 = Math.random();
-  while (u1 === 0) u1 = Math.random(); // avoid log(0)
+  for (let attempt = 0; u1 === 0 && attempt < 100; attempt++) {
+    u1 = Math.random();
+  }
+  if (u1 === 0) u1 = Number.EPSILON;
   const u2 = Math.random();
-  return mean + stddev * Math.sqrt(-2 * Math.log(u1)) * Math.cos(2 * Math.PI * u2);
+  const r = Math.sqrt(-2 * Math.log(u1));
+  spareNormal = r * Math.sin(2 * Math.PI * u2);
+  return mean + stddev * r * Math.cos(2 * Math.PI * u2);
 }
 
-/** Sum of Bernoulli trials. */
+/** Bernoulli trials; Normal approximation when n>10_000 and np, n(1-p) both >5. */
 function binomialRandom(n: number, p: number): number {
+  if (n > 10_000 && n * p > 5 && n * (1 - p) > 5) {
+    const mean = n * p;
+    const stddev = Math.sqrt(n * p * (1 - p));
+    return Math.max(0, Math.min(n, Math.round(normalRandom(mean, stddev))));
+  }
   let s = 0;
   for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
     if (Math.random() < p) s++;
@@ -21,8 +39,11 @@ function binomialRandom(n: number, p: number): number {
   return s;
 }
 
-/** Knuth's algorithm. */
+/** Knuth's algorithm; Normal approximation for λ > 100 (avoids exp underflow). */
 function poissonRandom(lambda: number): number {
+  if (lambda > 100) {
+    return Math.max(0, Math.round(normalRandom(lambda, Math.sqrt(lambda))));
+  }
   const L = Math.exp(-lambda);
   let k = 0;
   let p = 1;
@@ -33,9 +54,9 @@ function poissonRandom(lambda: number): number {
   return k - 1;
 }
 
-/** Inverse CDF. */
+/** Inverse CDF. Caller must ensure λ > 0. */
 function exponentialRandom(lambda: number): number {
-  return -Math.log(Math.random()) / lambda;
+  return -Math.log(Math.random() || Number.EPSILON) / lambda;
 }
 
 /** Urn model — simulate drawing without replacement. */
@@ -58,31 +79,67 @@ function hypergeometricRandom(N: number, K: number, n: number): number {
 // Dispatcher
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-export function generate(opts: Options): number[] {
-  const results: number[] = [];
-  for (let i = 0; i < opts.count; i++) {
+export function validateOptions(opts: Options): void {
+  if (!Number.isInteger(opts.count) || opts.count < 1) {
+    throw new Error(`invalid count: ${opts.count}`);
+  }
+  if (!Number.isInteger(opts.decimals) || opts.decimals < 0 || opts.decimals > 100) {
+    throw new Error(`decimals must be 0–100, got ${opts.decimals}`);
+  }
   switch (opts.dist) {
     case "uniform":
-        results.push(Math.random() * (opts.max - opts.min) + opts.min);
+      if (opts.min > opts.max) throw new Error(`min (${opts.min}) > max (${opts.max})`);
       break;
     case "normal":
-        results.push(normalRandom(opts.mean, opts.stddev));
+      if (opts.stddev <= 0) throw new Error(`stddev must be > 0, got ${opts.stddev}`);
       break;
     case "binomial":
-        results.push(binomialRandom(opts.trials, opts.prob));
+      if (opts.trials < 0 || !Number.isInteger(opts.trials))
+        throw new Error(`trials must be a non-negative integer, got ${opts.trials}`);
+      if (opts.prob < 0 || opts.prob > 1)
+        throw new Error(`prob must be 0–1, got ${opts.prob}`);
       break;
     case "poisson":
-        results.push(poissonRandom(opts.lambda));
-        break;
     case "exponential":
-        results.push(exponentialRandom(opts.lambda));
+      if (opts.lambda <= 0) throw new Error(`lambda must be > 0, got ${opts.lambda}`);
       break;
     case "hypergeometric":
-        results.push(
-          hypergeometricRandom(opts.popSize, opts.successes, opts.draws),
-        );
+      if (opts.popSize < 0 || !Number.isInteger(opts.popSize))
+        throw new Error(`population size N must be a non-negative integer, got ${opts.popSize}`);
+      if (opts.successes < 0 || opts.successes > opts.popSize || !Number.isInteger(opts.successes))
+        throw new Error(`successes K must be 0–N, got ${opts.successes} (N=${opts.popSize})`);
+      if (opts.draws < 0 || opts.draws > opts.popSize || !Number.isInteger(opts.draws))
+        throw new Error(`draws n must be 0–N, got ${opts.draws} (N=${opts.popSize})`);
       break;
   }
-  }
-  return results;
+}
+
+export function* generate(opts: Options): Generator<number> {
+  validateOptions(opts);
+  for (let i = 0; i < opts.count; i++) {
+    let v: number;
+    switch (opts.dist) {
+      case "uniform":
+        v = opts.decimals === 0
+          ? Math.floor(Math.random() * (opts.max - opts.min + 1)) + opts.min
+          : Math.random() * (opts.max - opts.min) + opts.min;
+        break;
+      case "normal":
+        v = normalRandom(opts.mean, opts.stddev);
+        break;
+      case "binomial":
+        v = binomialRandom(opts.trials, opts.prob);
+        break;
+      case "poisson":
+        v = poissonRandom(opts.lambda);
+        break;
+      case "exponential":
+        v = exponentialRandom(opts.lambda);
+        break;
+      case "hypergeometric":
+        v = hypergeometricRandom(opts.popSize, opts.successes, opts.draws);
+        break;
+    }
+    yield opts.decimals > 0 ? v : Math.round(v);
+  }
 }

src/help.ts

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+import { VERSION } from "./types";
+
 export const HELP = `rand — Generate random numbers
 
 Usage:
@@ -5,10 +7,11 @@ Usage:
 
 Options:
   -c, --count <n>     Number of random numbers to output (default: 1)
-  -f[N]               Decimal places: -f = -f2 (default: 2)
+  -f[N]               Decimal places: -f = -f2, -f3 = 3 places
   --float [N]         Long form of -f
   -d, --dist <name>   Distribution (default: uniform)
   -h, --help          Show this help
+  -V, --version       Show version
 
 Distributions and their positional args:
   uniform             rand [min] [max]                (default: 0 100)
@@ -33,3 +36,8 @@ export function showHelp(): never {
   console.log(HELP);
   process.exit(0);
 }
+
+export function showVersion(): never {
+  console.log(`rand v${VERSION}`);
+  process.exit(0);
+}

src/main.ts

@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
 import { parseArgs, applyPositionals } from "./args";
-import { showHelp } from "./help";
+import { showHelp, showVersion } from "./help";
 import { readStdin, parseStdinNumbers } from "./stdin";
 import { generate } from "./dist";
 
-export async function main(): Promise<void> {
+async function main(): Promise<void> {
   const argv = Bun.argv.slice(2);
-  const { options, help } = parseArgs(argv);
+  const { options, help, version } = parseArgs(argv);
   if (help) showHelp();
+  if (version) showVersion();
 
   // If stdin has data, parse numbers and apply as positional overrides
   if (!process.stdin.isTTY) {
@@ -14,16 +15,18 @@ export async function main(): Promise<void> {
     const nums = parseStdinNumbers(input);
     if (nums.length > 0) {
       applyPositionals(options, nums.map(String));
+    } else if (input.trim()) {
+      console.error("rand: stdin contained non-numeric data, ignoring");
     }
   }
 
-  const results = generate(options);
-  for (const r of results) {
-    console.log(options.decimals > 0 ? r.toFixed(options.decimals) : Math.floor(r));
+  for (const r of generate(options)) {
+    console.log(options.decimals > 0 ? r.toFixed(options.decimals) : r);
   }
 }
 
-main().catch((err: Error) => {
-  console.error(`rand: ${err.message}`);
+main().catch((err: unknown) => {
+  const msg = err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err);
+  console.error(`rand: ${msg}`);
   process.exit(1);
 });

src/stdin.ts

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 export async function readStdin(): Promise<string> {
   const decoder = new TextDecoder();
-  let buf = "";
+  const parts: string[] = [];
   for await (const chunk of Bun.stdin.stream()) {
-    buf += decoder.decode(chunk, { stream: true });
+    parts.push(decoder.decode(chunk, { stream: true }));
   }
-  buf += decoder.decode(); // flush
-  return buf;
+  parts.push(decoder.decode()); // flush
+  return parts.join("");
 }
 
 /** Parse space-separated numbers from stdin. Returns number[] (may be empty). */
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ export function parseStdinNumbers(input: string): number[] {
   const nums: number[] = [];
   for (const p of parts) {
     const n = Number(p);
-    if (isNaN(n)) return []; // unrecognizable → ignore stdin
+    if (isNaN(n) || !isFinite(n)) return []; // unrecognizable → ignore stdin
     nums.push(n);
   }
   return nums;

src/types.ts

@@ -1,19 +1,15 @@
-export type Dist =
-  | "uniform"
-  | "normal"
-  | "binomial"
-  | "poisson"
-  | "exponential"
-  | "hypergeometric";
-
-export const DISTS: Dist[] = [
+export const DISTS = [
   "uniform",
   "normal",
   "binomial",
   "poisson",
   "exponential",
   "hypergeometric",
-];
+] as const;
+
+export type Dist = (typeof DISTS)[number];
+
+export const VERSION = "1.0.0";
 
 export interface Options {
   dist: Dist;

tsconfig.json

@@ -5,8 +5,6 @@
     "target": "ESNext",
     "module": "Preserve",
     "moduleDetection": "force",
-    "jsx": "react-jsx",
-    "allowJs": true,
     "types": ["bun"],
 
     // Bundler mode
@@ -23,8 +21,8 @@
     "noImplicitOverride": true,
 
     // Some stricter flags (disabled by default)
-    "noUnusedLocals": false,
-    "noUnusedParameters": false,
-    "noPropertyAccessFromIndexSignature": false
+    "noUnusedLocals": true,
+    "noUnusedParameters": true,
+    "noPropertyAccessFromIndexSignature": true
   }
 }